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ISO 11940
ISO 11940 is an ISO standard for the transliteration of Thai characters, published in 1998 and updated in September 2003 and confirmed in 2008. An extension to this standard named ISO 11940-2 defines a simplified transcription based on it.
==Consonants==
The transliteration of the pure consonants is derived from their usual pronunciation as an initial consonant. An unmarked ''h'' is used to form digraphs denoting aspirated consonants. High and low pairs of consonants are systematically differentiated by applying a macron to the high class consonant. Further differentiation of consonants with identical phonetic function is obtained by leaving the most frequent unmarked, marking the second commonest by a dot below, marking the third commonest by a horn, and marking the fourth commonest by underlining. The use of a dot below has a similar effect to the Indological practice of distinguishing retroflex consonants by a dot below, but there are subtle differences – it is the transliterations of ธ ''tho thong'' and ศ ''so sala'' that are dotted below, not those of the corresponding retroflex consonants. The transliterations of consonants should be entered in the order base letter, macron if any, and then dot below, horn or "macron below".
Only three consonants have the horn in their transliteration, ฅ ''kho khon'', ฒ ''tho phuthao'' and ษ ''so ruesi'', and only one consonant has an underline, ฑ ''tho nang montho''.
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